Managing 42,240 nozzles
管理42,240个喷嘴
HP PageWide Technology periodically tests the performance of all 42,240 nozzles on the printhead to help maintain dependable print quality. This automatic process finds nozzles that are not performing within specifications, and also checks each nozzle frequently so that it catches and corrects any failures that could affect print quality.
惠普页宽技术定期检测喷头上所有的42,240喷嘴有助于保持稳定的打印品质。
这个过程将自动检测将发现那些异常的喷嘴、这样的喷嘴检测可以收集并处理可能影响打印质量的故障。
HP Officejet Pro X Series printers use optical sensors to calibrate the printhead, measure nozzle performance, and monitor paper motion. These sensors are placed on a small carriage that scans across the paper and printhead. A paper sensor scans printed diagnostic test patterns, and the writing system controller uses this information to electronically compensate for die-to-die alignment tolerances and variations in drop volume that could produce visible print artifacts. This sensor also detects the edge of the sheet as it moves into the print zone. A printhead sensor, developed specifically for HP Officejet Pro X Series printers, measures individual drops in flight as part of a system that provides robust print quality by substituting good nozzles for those that do not meet operating specifications.
HP officejet Pro X 系列打印机采用光传感器来校准喷头、检测喷头质量和纸张的运动。这些传感器被放置在一个可以滑动的支架上扫描通过的纸张和打印头。
纸张传感器扫描印刷品诊断测试的模式，喷墨系统控制系统根据这个信息为模块到模块之间的错位量和产生可见打印文件的墨滴体积进行电子补偿。
该传感器还可以检测进入到打印区域当中介质的边缘。
一个HP officejet Pro x 系列打印机打印头传感器，作为提供高质量打印系统的一部分，可以将那些不按规定飞行的墨滴用好的喷嘴取代。
Pagewide printing arrays, whether in a toner- or ink-based printer, can produce streaks along the paper axis when dots are missing or misplaced. With ink, a bad nozzle typically produces a light streak that is visible in the dark and mid-tone areas of monochrome images; a light or colored streak may appear in color graphics and images.
通常，无论是碳粉型还是喷墨型打印机，页面宽度打印阵列，当点丢失或者放错位置，会沿纸张轴线产生条纹（拉线）。伴随墨水，一个坏了的喷嘴通常会，在黑暗和过度黑白图片中产生看见的亮条纹。在彩色图形和图片可能会出现光斑和彩色条纹。
With 1,200 nozzles per inch across the page, missing or misplaced black dots from one or more isolated bad nozzles will generally have little or no visible effect on black text. Because text is printed at high density, the spread of ink into the missing dot row from neighboring dots will suppress a streak.
但当1200喷嘴/每英寸的密度横跨页面时，一个或多个独立的坏喷嘴所丢失、放错位置黑色墨点时，是很少或根本不会影响到黑色文本。
因为以如此高的密度打印文字，来自缺失的点相邻点墨水的延展性将抑制条纹的产生。
The problems with bad nozzles can be suppressed by nozzle substitution, by which the immediate neighbors of a bad nozzle take over printing its dots. For the printing system to perform automatic nozzle substitution, it must determine precisely which nozzles are good and which are bad.
这个问题 坏的喷嘴能够被替代喷嘴抑制，并立即接替坏的喷头继续进行打印。对于打印系统自动替换喷嘴，他必须准确的判断：那些喷嘴是好的，那些是坏的。
There are many challenges to measuring individual ink drops in-flight from a pagewide printhead:
测量从一个单独从页宽喷头喷射墨点下落面临众多挑战：
1.Each drop is less than 25 microns (0.001 inch ) wide , and drops move at about 10 meters (33 feet) per second.
１。每一滴墨水大小只有25微米（0.001英寸）宽，同时墨滴以大约10米/秒（33英尺/秒）速度移动。
2.There are four nozzle arrays on each die . Since the dies are staggered on the printhead , the arrays of nozzles are positioned at different distances from the sensor.
2. 每一个模块上有四种颜色的喷嘴阵列。由于是交错排列在喷头上，这些喷头阵列同传感器之间的距离是不一样的。
3.The measurement system must fit into a confined space close enough to the printhead to measure individual drops.
3.为了检测独立墨滴，测量系统必须安装进离喷头足够近的密闭空间。
4.The sensor must be highly immune to stray reflected light and electrical noise.
4.传感器必须对于散射光线和电气噪声有很高的免疫能力
5.Drop detection must have little impact on printer productivity
5.墨滴的检测对打印机生产率的影响要很小。
For HP Officejet Pro X Series printers, HP developed a new technology called Backscatter Drop Detection (BDD). BDD employs innovative optics and multiple photodetectors along with advanced analog and digital signal processing. Unlike other optical methods, where a drop passes between a light source and a detector, BDD works by detecting the light that is backscattered (reflected) by a drop passing through a focused light beam. The Backscatter Drop Detector can test several hundred nozzles per second.
针对HP Officejet Pro X 系列打印机，hp公司开发了一种新技术——反向散射墨滴检测（背反射墨滴检测）（BDD).凭借先进的模拟和数字信号处理技术，BDD采用创新的光学和多个光电探测器。
不同于其他光学方法，一个光源和广检测器之间通过一个墨滴。
BDD工作是通过，一束激光束照射到墨滴后反射回来的反射光线进行的，这样背反射墨滴检测器每秒可以检测数百个墨滴。
BDD is shown schematically (with light rays traced) in Figure 6. The BDD module consists of a housing (not shown), five lenses, a surface-emitting diode (SED) light source indicated by the magenta rays in Figure 6, and four photodetectors—two on each side of the SED—behind aperture plates. 图片6展示了用光射线轨迹展示了BDD。这个BDD模块包含外壳（未标出）、5个透镜、一个表面发光二极管（sed）（图中发射红色射线的器件）、在这个发光二极管两测的带孔的背板后各分布着两个光电探测器。
The SED emits a beam of light through a projection lens, and four imaging lenses focus backscattered light from the drops onto the photodetectors. With staggered dies on the printhead and multiple columns of nozzles per die, drops are emitted at different distances from the detectors in a sample zone that is about 0.4 inches (10 mm) deep. A backplane behind the printhead reduces unwanted reflections of light, which improves its ability to detect the very weak signal produced by backscattered light. After a backscattered signal is processed by analog and digital circuits, algorithms assess each nozzle’s fitness to print. 发光二极管通过透镜发射光束，同时四个透镜将从墨滴背反射光线聚焦到光电探测器。 从喷头上交错排列的模块和模块上间隔的喷嘴阵列，墨滴以各不相同的距离喷射在光电探测器的约0.4英寸（10mm）宽的采样空间。在打印头后带孔的背板可以减少不必要的反射光，这样可以提高光电探测器探测到微弱的背反射光线的能力。而后背反射光信号经过模拟和数字电路转换，经过特定的运算处理后评判用于打印喷嘴的健康状况。 Nozzle substitution
喷嘴替代
HP Thermal Inkjet’s high drop rates and high nozzle density provide both active and passive nozzle substitution to suppress the effects of failed nozzles. This is one of the keys to the excellent print quality achieved by HP Officejet Pro X Series printers. HP 热发泡喷墨技术高喷墨频率和高喷嘴密度，共同实现喷嘴主动或被动去替代那些失效的效果不好的喷嘴 这是HP Officejet pro x系列打印机能够实现出高品质打印质量的关键。
For orientation, dot rows run down this page, designated by the letters "a" through "h" in this figure. The nozzles out in this example are “b” and “e”, “f”, and “g”, shown by the empty small black dots representing drop generators. Good black and color drop generators are shown by the small colored dots. Dotc olumns run across this page , and are associated with nozzle locations on the printhead. The paper moves down the page in this figure.
图７示列为在一个1200x1200精度的网格下的喷嘴主动替代情况和被动替代情况。在点行沿着张纸向下运行的方向，指定了由ａ到ｈ的字母。图中将失去的喷嘴为ｂ，ｅ，ｆ，ｇ中空心黑点表示墨滴发生器。实心的圆点代表良好的黑色和彩色墨滴发生器。这些投影到面上的点跟墨滴发生器的喷嘴对应（图中的点是墨滴发生器喷嘴的平面投影）。 图例中的纸张是向下运动的。
The choice of grid points that receive ink drops to produce a solid black area fill, as well as the selection of nozzles to substitute for a failed nozzle, use sophisticated algorithms to control ink load, minimize image artifacts (such as grain and banding), and implement active nozzle substitution. Figure 7 is highly schematic and doesn’t take into account the full extent of dot spread, which will substantially fill in the white spaces as shown to further improve the results of error hiding. But, to illustrate basic principles, Figure 7 is faithful to the actual processes used for nozzle substitution.
黑色区域为网点上的形成的墨滴，以及那些替换损坏喷嘴的喷嘴通过复杂的运算控制墨量，减少条纹和带性影像，主动喷嘴进行替代。图7，在高倍放大图解并没有考虑墨点扩散程度问题，这样就可以充分填充白色的空间，进而改善错位结果的隐藏。
但是,为了说明基本原理,图7是实际使用中喷嘴替代的过程。
（这句话，我目前的功力不够，先继续，先看后面的，等我顿悟了，回头再来处理这段话。）
Passive nozzle substitution makes direct use of HP Thermal Inkjet’s high nozzle density: if one nozzle fails, the surrounding nozzles compensate. With 1,200 nozzles per inch, there are two nozzles for each ink color that can print within a 600 x 600 grid,8 and neighbor nozzles are at most 1/1,200th of an inch (21 um) from the affected dot row.
被动喷嘴替换原理是依靠HP热发泡喷墨技术高密度的喷嘴；假设一个喷嘴出现故障，则周围的喷嘴将会补偿。
凭借每英寸1200的喷嘴数量，任何一色的两个喷嘴都可在600x600的网格内打印. 同时相邻喷嘴距受问题的点线大于1200分之一英寸（21微米）远。
Passive substitution is shown schematically for the nozzle printing column “b” in Figure 7. Nozzle failure could potentially produce the white streak shown in the lower half of the figure. But, with ink spread from the neighboring dots, the white streak is substantially smaller than a full 1,200 x 1,200 square. In fact, dot spread may completely close up the white space, making a single nozzle failure practically invisible. In any case, this defect will usually be difficult to see in normal-size text. After this nozzle failure is detected, active nozzle substitution is employed for row “b” in the upper half of the figure.
被动替代在图7中是b标示的喷嘴队列。有问题的喷嘴会产生白色线条（右图显示--我重新抓的图跟原来的位置不一样）。不过邻近墨水的延伸，可以使的白色的条纹基本上是小于1200x1200平方的。实际情况，墨点扩散几乎可以覆盖这个空白。在任何情况下，在正常尺寸的文字中是很难发现这样的缺陷（空白）。当这个故障喷头被检测到后，主动替代喷嘴会填补b行（左图显示）
（这句翻译简化翻译为：一个喷嘴出现问题后，其两侧的喷嘴喷出的墨滴可以弥补问题喷嘴造成的白色线条。因为相邻喷嘴墨滴的延展性）
Active nozzle substitution uses a nozzle-out lookup table compiled from the results of several BDD measurements over time. Some nozzles may remain out while others recover after printhead servicing. The lookup table is processed to select nozzles that can take over printing from a failed nozzle. This may require double the drop rate from the substituting nozzles. In some cases, drops of other ink colors can be substituted in the same and neighboring dot rows. In this way, active nozzle substitution can effectively handle situations where two or more adjacent nozzles have failed.
主动喷嘴替主要应用于，BDD即时测量结果形成一个喷嘴检查表单目录。。（……）
（喷嘴主动替代模式 主要用于，当BDD即时检测结果反映有一组喷嘴丢失或异常的时候）
一些喷嘴可以在打印机维护后恢复。这个查询表单将被启用，选择可以接替故障喷嘴继续打印的喷嘴。
这可能需要替代喷嘴以双倍的速率喷射墨滴．在某些情况下，相同或相邻的行的其他颜色墨点也可以被取代。
（……代表了我的心情）
以这种方式，可以有效应对两个或多个连续喷嘴失效的情况。
Figure 7 shows two cases of active nozzle substitution: one black nozzle out (row “b”) and three adjacent black nozzles out (rows “e”, “f”, and “g”).
图７显示两种情况：１，一个喷嘴失效（ｂ），２，三个相邻的喷嘴失效（ｅ，ｆ，ｇ）
For a single black nozzle out in row “b”, active substitution prints dots using neighboring black nozzles from rows “a” and “c”. The upper half of Figure 7 shows this schematically with black dots highlighted here by a red outline. Alternating dots between rows“a”and“c” reduces the visibility of the white space and breaks up a dark line that might otherwise be visible if dots were substituted only on one side of row “b”.
对于一个黑色喷嘴丢失在ｂ列中，使用相邻黑色ａ列和ｃ列喷嘴主动替代打印墨点。图７左边 按照红色边际的黑色点图例。交替在a 列 和 c 列 之间的点降低了白色区域的可见性并断裂成一条暗线，若是只有b列一侧墨点被替代，这条线就是可见的。
If three or more adjacent nozzles are out, active nozzle substitution uses both black and color inks. For example, consider black nozzles out in rows “e”, “f”, and “g” in Figure 7.
假如三个或更多相邻喷嘴失效，主动喷嘴替换使用黑色和彩色墨水，如图所示，考虑ｅ列、f列、g列中黑色喷嘴丢失的情况。
In the lower half of Figure 7, having three adjacent empty dot rows could produce a visible white streak as shown. Three adjacent dot rows are too large a gap to be effectively handled by passive nozzle substitution. After the failures are detected and processed into the nozzle- out lookup table, active nozzle substitution is applied as shown in the upper half of the figure. Good neighboring black dots (shown highlighted by a red outline) are substituted in rows “d” and “h”. Row “f” is printed with composite black dots, indicated schematically by dots with a red outline and dark gray fill, from the printhead’s cyan, magenta, and yellow nozzles that print in row “f”. (The printed dots are not actually gray – gray is shown only for the purpose of illustration.)
在图７右边，所示有三列相邻的空点可以产生可见白色条纹。这三个相邻列的点间距太大，这类情况可以有效的被主动喷嘴替代所替代。
在检测到故障并生成喷嘴丢失查找表后，主动喷嘴替代将被启用，如左图所示。相邻ｄ列和ｈ列好的黑点（红线标记的）主动替代ｅ列和ｈ列。ｆ列中的红色边线灰色点图例填充，使用品红、蓝色、黄色混色打印。（实际打印中并不是灰色，只是为了更好的说明）
Printhead servicing
喷头的维护
Periodic printhead servicing is an essential part of reliable print quality. It keeps good nozzles working and may be able to recover bad ones. HP Officejet Pro X Series printers feature a built-in service station cassette9 that performs four key functions: printhead capping, nozzle conditioning, nozzle plate wiping, and ink containment used for servicing. While printhead servicing is automatic, a user may initiate a printhead cleaning cycle, if required. Figure 8 shows the cassette and calls out the key components.
一定周期喷头维护是可靠打印质量的重要组成部分之一。他可以保证喷嘴良好工作并可能恢复坏的喷嘴。
HP office pro x 系列打印机特征为一个内置的服务站盒，这个装置的四个主要功能：打印头封盖（保护）、调节喷嘴、喷嘴金属板擦拭、用于维修的废墨收集。虽然打印维护是自动的，但是如果需要用户也可以启动一个打印头清洗周期。
图片8展示了这个装置并标出了一些关键部件。
When the printhead is not in use, it is capped to prevent ink from drying and clogging the nozzles. Capping provides a humid storage environment that keeps the inks liquid in the nozzles at a viscosity that allows drops to be ejected. The cap presses against the printhead’s stainless steel shroud and seals around the dies without touching them. 当喷头不在使用状态时，为了防止墨水干燥造成喷头堵塞，喷头将会被封闭。密封盖内的环境湿润的，有助于喷嘴中的墨水保持湿润、保持一定张力便于墨滴喷射。密封盖压在包裹喷头的不锈钢外壳上，不予打印模块接触。 Nozzle conditioning refreshes the ink in each nozzle. This allows the printhead to eject drops within mass, speed, and trajectory specifications. Due to the loss of volatile ink components (mainly water), each nozzle periodically ejects a few drops through the print platen to purge ink that has become too viscous to meet print quality specifications and could clog the nozzle. Drops used for nozzle conditioning are captured below the print platen on a spit roller that indexes slowly with paper motion. Ink is removed from this roller and stored in a chamber inside the duplexing unit. Since a small amount of ink is used for nozzle conditioning, and it evaporates over time, the chamber capacity is designed to last the lifetime of the printer with no servicing required. 每个喷嘴墨水恢复的喷嘴调节。喷头喷射墨滴满足规定的质量、速度、轨迹。因为墨水成分的挥发（主要是水），每个喷嘴定期喷出少量的墨水，并通过清洁滚筒去除那些粘稠的墨水，这些墨水会影响打印质量和堵塞喷嘴。 用于喷嘴调节的墨滴将会收集在下方的转动滚筒收集器上的。油墨会被滚筒擦掉并储存在一个有双面打印的容器里。 由于墨水调节使用的少量的墨水，伴随时间推移挥发，墨水收集器的容量设计是终身的不用进行维护。
In the service station cassette, a circulating web of absorbent material stores used ink and provides a means of wiping the printhead nozzle plate. Because most of this ink eventually evaporates, the web dries between wiping and servicing events and is reused. 在这个服务站暗盒内，一个循环可吸收性的织物可以储存墨水同时也提供了擦拭喷头的方法。 因为大多数这个墨水的最后挥发，干燥的织物在擦拭和维护中是被重复利用的。
The web advances automatically during service functions. During servicing, the writing engine assembly automatically lifts away from the platen, allowing the service station to move under the printhead. For wiping, the web advances over a spring-loaded roller (see Figure 8) that gently presses it against the nozzles. This removes paper dust and any ink accumulation. The cassette then advances further under the printhead to engage the cap.
这个织物自动服务功能。
在维修时，打印总成从plate上升起，允许服务站在喷头下移动。对于擦拭，一个织物覆盖在加载弹簧的滚轴上轻微按压在喷嘴上前进。这可以消除纸张尘埃和堆积的墨水，在喷头盖帽下方进行推进（运动吧）。 Ink and paper, working together 墨水同纸张的协同工作 （这部分，暂时不翻译） Pagewide printing requires special ink formulations and highly controlled interactions between ink and paper to achieve high print quality in a single pass. HP pigment inks produce superb results on ColorLok® papers.
HP pigment inks
HP ink chemists formulated HP pigment inks for HP Officejet Pro X Series printers to meet
the demanding requirements of dependable, high-quality, fast, single-pass printing:
• Nozzle arrays for each color are placed close together on each printhead die, so inks must
resist mixing and cross-contamination during operation, storage, and wiping.
• Black inks must produce high black optical density in a single pass.
• Single-pass, high-speed printing requires that the inks resist mixing at color-to-color boundaries in the image while still liquid. However, inks must be able to produce smooth and saturated secondary colors (such as reds, greens, and blues) in a single pass when different inks are printed dot on dot and wet on wet.
• The printer must quickly control paper curl and cockle (puckering) to prevent paper jams, and must quickly immobilize pigments to prevent ink from smearing during paper transport and to prevent ink transfer (sheet to sheet) in the output tray.
Papers with ColorLok® Technology ColorLok® 技术 纸张
Liquid inks undergo complex physical processes and chemical reactions on the paper surface. Therefore, ink and paper must work together as a system to deliver the best results.
Substantial advances in both ink- and toner-based printing technologies have driven high demand for office papers that offer enhanced print quality with reliable and consistent results for both ink and toner. ColorLok® Technology delivers these benefits on plain papers used for office printing. ColorLok® papers have special additives to rapidly separate pigments from the ink and immobilize them on the paper surface. For ink-based printing, ColorLok® papers deliver higher print quality with bolder, darker blacks, and richer, more vibrant colors. Ink dries faster, which means pages can be handled without smearing right from the output tray. All these benefits also apply for recycled papers with ColorLok® Technology. ColorLok® papers are available worldwide from leading paper suppliers.
HP recommends ColorLok® papers for best printing results. To learn more about the benefits of ColorLok® Technology, visit http://www.colorlok.com. .
[ 本帖最后由 墨仔 于 2013-1-24 16:14 编辑 ] |
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