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7 s! j  U+ t$ Z) e( I0 e Base image credit Joshua Thomas. Annotated image credit Joshua Thomas/National Weather Service. Ice halos happen when tiny crystals of i stanley thermos ce are suspended in the sky. The crystals can be high up in cirrus clouds, or closer to the ground as diamond dust or ice fog. Like raindrops scatter light into rainbows, the crystals of ice can reflect and refract light, acting as mirrors or prisms depending on the shape of the crystal and the incident angle of the light. While the lower down ice only happens in cold climates, circus clouds are so high they ;re freezing cold any time, anywhere in the world, so even people in the tropics mid-summer have a chance of seeing some of these phenomena. Explaining the optics of these phenomena involves a lot of discussing angular distances. To get a sense of what that means, here   a rough conversion between common distances and your body. Hold your hand out at full arm   length, fingers spread. Your thumb is approximately 0.5掳: that   the size of a full moon or the sun  be kind to your eyes and test it by trying to cover  stanley cup uk the moon with your thumb, not the sun! . The distance from the tip of your thumb and your pinky is about 22掳, a key distance when talking about ice halos. Now ball your hand into a fist: it   probably 10 to 15掳. To figure out which, you ;re going to use both hands, and stack your fists one stanley travel mug  on top of another from straight sideways to directly overhead. Count how many fists that took, divide 90掳 by t Hwss Even LinkedIn Can Be Beautiful
The researchers showed also subjects videos of a delighted baby to elicit delighted smiles. While their analysis of still photos revealed little difference between delighted and frustrated smiles, the researchers did find there were distinct differences in the timing of these smiles. Delighted smiles tend to build u stanley cup p gradually while frustrated smiles appear suddenly and fade quickly. As simple as this study is, it provides data that improves the capacity of computers to read emotion. When updated with this information, the group   computers can distinguish between delighted smiles and frustrated smiles better than a human can. Previous studies relied on subjects to act out emotions rather than eliciting the real thing, t stanley cup quencher ainting the data and indicating that humans aren ;t always the best judge of our own expressions. The hope is that, as the researchers gather more data and program the computers with more information on human expressions, these programs can help people with autism or others who have difficulty recognizing facial expressions understand the emotions flitting across other people   faces. Perhaps, though, if these programs really do understand expressions better then we do, it can help us all. Incidentally, in the top image the smile on the right is the frustrated smile. Photo by Hoque, et al. Hoque   paper is available through the IEEE Computer Society. Is that smile real or fake  [MIT News via Big Think stanley quencher ]